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Malic AcidSupplement Forms / Alternate Names • Apple Acid Principal Proposed Uses • None The body synthesizes malic acid during the process of converting carbohydrates to energy. Extremely preliminary evidence suggests that individuals with the disease fibromyalgia (a disorder that involves fatigue and pain in the muscles) might have difficulty creating or utilizing malic acid. 1 Such a deficiency could interfere with normal muscle function. Based on this supposition, products containing malic acid and other nutrients were widely offered for sale to people with fibromyalgia. However, there is as yet no evidence that these products are in fact helpful. SourcesThe body produces its own malic acid. Many fruits and vegetables also supply malic acid, most notably apples. Therapeutic DosagesIn studies and commercial products, the usual dose of malic acid for fibromyalgia is 1,200 to 2,800 mg per day, generally combined with magnesium and other nutrients. Therapeutic UsesMalic acid is a major ingredient in combination treatments used for fibromyalgia. However, there is no meaningful evidence that it works. What Is the Scientific Evidence for Malic Acid?In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial , 24 individuals with fibromyalgia were given either placebo or malic acid (1,200 mg per day) combined with magnesium (300 mg daily). 2 After 4 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the placebo and malic acid groups. The researchers then gave all participants the malic acid combination and increased the dose over a 6-month period. A significant improvement in fibromyalgia symptoms was found after the dose reached about 1,600 mg of malic acid with 400 mg of magnesium. However, because this part of the trial was not blinded or controlled, the results may be entirely due to the placebo effect . Only a properly designed double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the higher malic acid dose could demonstrate that it really works, and, as yet, none have been reported. Safety IssuesMalic acid appears to be safe at recommended dosages. A few people reported loose stools at the higher doses in the above studies, possibly due to the magnesium in the combination. Safety in pregnant or nursing women, children, or individuals with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established. References 1. Abraham GE, Flechas JD. Management of fibromyalgia: rationale for the use of magnesium and malic acid. J Nutr Med. 1992;3:49-59. 2. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Flechas JD, et al. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with Super Malic: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover pilot study. J Rheumatol . 1995;22:953-958. Last reviewed September 2009 by EBSCO CAM Review Board Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Copyright © 2007 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.
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